Common SQL Data Types

Numeric Data Types

Data Type	From	To
BIT	1	0
TINYINT	0	255
SMALLINT	-32,768	32,767
INT	-2,147,483,648	2,147,483,647
BIGINT	-9,223,372,036,854,775,808	9,223,372,036,854,775,807
DECIMAL	-10^38 + 1	10^38 - 1
NUMERIC	-10^38 + 1	10^38 - 1
FLOAT	-1.79E+308	1.79E+308
REAL	-3.40E+38	3.40E+38

Date and Time Data Types

Data Type	Description
DATE	Stores date in the format YYYY-MM-DD
TIME	Stores time in the format HH:MI:SS
DATETIME	Stores date and time information in the format YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS
TIMESTAMP	Stores number of seconds passed since the Unix epoch ('1970-01-01 00:00:00' UTC)
YEAR	Stores year in a 2-digit or 4-digit format. Range 1901 to 2155 in 4-digit format. Range 70 to 69, representing 1970 to 2069.

Character and String Data Types

Data Type	Description
CHAR	Fixed length with a maximum length of 8,000 characters
VARCHAR	Variable-length storage with a maximum length of 8,000 characters
VARCHAR(max)	Variable-length storage with provided max characters, not supported in MySQL
TEXT	Variable-length storage with a maximum size of 2GB data

Unicode Character and String Data Types

Data Type	Description
NCHAR	Fixed length with a maximum length of 4,000 characters
NVARCHAR	Variable-length storage with a maximum length of 4,000 characters
NVARCHAR(max)	Variable-length storage with provided max characters
NTEXT	Variable-length storage with a maximum size of 1GB data

Binary Data Types

Data Type	Description
BINARY	Fixed length with a maximum length of 8,000 bytes
VARBINARY	Variable-length storage with a maximum length of 8,000 bytes
VARBINARY(max)	Variable-length storage with provided max bytes
IMAGE	Variable-length storage with a maximum size of 2 GB binary data

Miscellaneous Data Types

Data Type	Description
CLOB	Character large objects that can hold up to 2 GB
BLOB	For large binary objects
XML	For storing XML data
JSON	For storing JSON data